Abreviaturas
- Bell, Origin = Richard Bell, The Origin of Islam in its Christian Environment, Londres, 1926 (reimpreso en 1968).
- Bell, Translation = íd., The Qur’ān, translated with a critical re-arrangement of the Surahs, 2 vols., Edimburgo, 1937, 1939.
- EI¹, EI² = The Encyclopaedia of Islam, primera edición, Leiden, 1913–42; segunda edición, Leiden y Londres, 1960–.
- EI(S) = A Shorter Encyclopaedia of Islam, Leiden, 1913.
- Jeffery, Foreign Vocabulary = Arthur Jeffery, The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qur’ān, Baroda, 1938; cf. p. 85.
- Mecca = W. Montgomery Watt, Muhammad at Mecca, Oxford, 1953.
- Medina = íd., Muhammad at Medina, Oxford, 1956.
- NS = Nöldeke y Schwally, Geschichte des Qorāns, segunda edición, Leipzig, 1909–38 (reimpreso en Hildesheim, 1961); cf. págs. 175 y ss.
- Origin = véase Bell, Origin.
- Translation = véase Bell, Translation.
- Watt, Integration = W. Montgomery Watt, Islam and the Integration of Society, Londres, 1961.